Lining structure for rotary crushers



S. D. HARTSHORN LINING STRUCTURE FOR ROTARY CRUSHERS March 13, 1951 2 Sheefs-Sheet 1 Filed March 23, 1948 Simile? /Ywiszme Q7 March 13, 1951 s. D. HARTsHoRN 2,545,202

LTNTNG STRUCTURE RoR ROTARY cRusHERs Filed March 23, 1948 2. Sheets-Sheet 2 f' INVENTOR. Sia/fz Zeg Harish 02W Patented Mar. 13, 1951 LINING STRUCTURE FCR ROTARY CRUSHERS Stanley D. Hartshorn, Wayne, Pa., assigner to Pennsylvania Crusher Company, Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of New York Application March 23, 1948, Serial No. 16,439

This invention relates to Crushers and particularly to the type known as the Bradford breakers employing a rotatable cylinder having shelves or the like for stirring and lifting material.

It isan object of this invention to provide the crushing chamber with means adapted to handle a wide range of sizes of the material, and in particular to provide for operation with relatively large sizes effectively and Without injury to the apparatus.

A further object of the invention, particularly in the special structure of the members Within the crushing chamber will appear from the following specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. l is a developed View of a Bradford breaker embodying this invention; n

Fig. 2 is a sectional View of a Bradford breaker embodying this invention; and

Fig.4 3 is a perspective view of the interior of a Bradford breaker showing a modification of one feature of this invention.

In Fig. 1 a Bradford type breaker has a cylinder or drum I9 made up of a suitable frame and a foraminous wall mounted for rotation. The frames II and E2 at the respective ends of the drum I consist of circular members of frustoconical form having outer tires I3 and I4 respec tively carried on wheels IS. The cone II at the left end of the drum Iii as seen in Fig. 1 is the feed cone and the cone I2 at the right end of the drum lil is the discharge cone. The discharge cone I 2 is exteriorly provided with a sprocket i not shown) through which the drum Iii is driven by a roller chain from a speed reducer (not I.

shown) or the drum Ill may be driven by yany other suitable means.

Connecting the frames II and I2 are a series of beams i9 and the wall of the drum I0 may be made up of foraminous plates 2l having surfaces @33 preferably lapped at their points of engagement and bolted or otherwise secured to each other and to said beams i9. The interior of the breaker drum lli is provided with a series of lifting shelves 22 which serve to carry the material undergoing treatment during the rotation of the drum upward so that it may be dropped and broken by impact against the plates 2 I. Intermediate the shelves 22 are a series of deector blades 23 arranged to progressively divert the material undergoing reduction and carry it from the feed cone I l to the discharge cone I2 so that While those portions of the treated material that are reduced to fragments of the intended size and smaller pass through the apertures 24 in the foraminous plate sections 2l, the unreduced material is carried to the discharge cone I2.

The lifting shelves 22 are shown in sections `which consist of a base portion 25 with a laterally extending flange 26 which is stepped longitudinally of the cylinder as illustrated in Fig. l. The stepping provides a plurality of inclined surfaces 2l' which terminate in end walls 28. The stepped f portions are inclined in three directions, inwardly and downwardly with respect to the radial plane and the direction of rotation of the drum as shown by the radial line I-I in Fig. 2 and are also inclined from the feed end toward the discharge end of the drum IG as illustrated in Fig. 1. Thus, the material that is picked up by the lifting shelves 22 will be moved along the drum I0 by the shelves 22 so that the material introduced into the cylinder will be advanced simultaneously with the lifting of the same.

Attached to the shelves 22 and extending laterally from the surfaces 2l into the direction of the rotation of the drum are the ramp sections 29. These ramps 2S lift up and drop the large pieces over the shelves 22 to avoid carrying them to the top of the drum` I0. Thus there is a controlled reduction of the large pieces of extraneous material with less mechanical strain on the breaker. As seen in Fig. 2 the ramps 29 are Wedge-shaped with the large ends adjacent to the shelves 22 and thus provide an inclined approach to the surfaces 2l as the shelves 22 move into the material to be lifted. As illustrated in'Fig. l, each inclined surface 2l is provided with two ramps, 253 which are arranged at an angle to the radial plane of the drum Il] so as to progressively divert the treated material toward the discharge end. The distance between the ramps 2S is controlled by the size of the pieces of material it is desired to slide over the lifting shelves. The ramps illustrated in Figs. 1A and 2 have a surface 3i which makes an acute angle with the surface t3 of the screen plate sections 2I. Pieces of material in the drum Ill large enough to extend from one ramp to the next are lifted off the surface i3 of the plate sections 2l as the rotation of the drum lf3 moves the material collected at the bottom toward the lifting shelves 22. The smaller pieces are caught against the shelves 22 and lifted from the screen plate sections 2l on the surfaces 2l' while the larger pieces ride up on the ramps 23 upon the rotation of the drum I0. The large pieces rolling or sliding off the ramp members 29 drop toward the bottom of the drum I after having been lifted only a fraction of the total lift. The point in the ascension of the ramp members 29 at which the large pieces spill off is determined bythe size of the angle the inclined surfaces 3| makes with the surface 21 of the shelf. As this angle approaches 90 the ramp surface 3| spills off at progressively lower points in the rotation of the drum l@ the rlarge pieces which fall onto the surface e3 of the plate section immediately following. As shown in the sector II of Fig. 2 the surface i3 of the following plate section 2| has started ascending when it receives the pieces from the ramp members 29. The pieces, therefore, do not fall flat against a perpendicular surface when they' fall onto the following surface 43 but strike a tilted surface with a glancing blow. As the angle that the pieces strike the surface 43 is removed from the perpendicular so the shock to the drum lil is reduced. Also the rolling of the large pieces off the ramp members provides a rotational movement which reduces the blow against the surface 43 when the pieces strike the plate sections.

The lifting shelves 22 do 'not extend over the circumferential screen plate sections 2| adjacent the feed end cone This shelfless reception zone 32 of the drum I9 acts as a rotary screen for removing the slack coal fed in and eliminates the necessity of preliminarily passing the feed over a shaking screen to remove nes and other slack coal. The discharge end of the drum I is provided with a plow 34 comprising an imperiorate plate formed with a scoop face 33 for picking up the refuse and passing it onto a shoulder 35 from which the discharged material cascades through the discharge opening 36.

The ramp section 29 may be adjustable so that the angle made byv its longitudinal dimension with the radial plane of drum I9 may be varied. A modification of this type is shown in the ramp and shelf structure of Fig. 3. The ramp sections 29a are fastened to the screen plate sections 2|a by a pin 31 at the apex of the wedge-shaped ramp 29a. The ramp 29a is free to pivot on this pin 3'1 and is fastened to the shelf section 22a by a bolt 3i! attached to a lug 39 which extends over the top of the shelf 22 at the large end of the rramp 29. tightened to secure the ramp section 29 in place. The pivoting of the ramp section 29 is limited by a slot 42 in which the bolt 33 slides. The slot 42 is fashioned in a lip extending from the rear of the upright iianged portion 26 of the lifting shelf 22. The slot 42 describes the arc of a sector with the pivot pin 37 as the vertex and the ramp section 29 as the radius. Thus the ramp section 29 may be varied in position over the sector described by the s lot 42.

In the operation of this device the material to be treated is introduced from the left side of the drum I as seen in Fig. 1. The material is fed into the feed cone while the drum I!) rotates. The material to be treated will include the substance to be reduced and cleaned together with any foreign material which should be separated out, as for example, run-of-themine coal together with the extraneous rock mined with the coal and tramp iron or pieces of wood picked up in the mining and transportation. The unprocessed material is rumbled in the rotating drum on the screen plate sections 2| of the reception zone 32 thus removing the slack coal which passes through the screen openings 2.. A deflector 23 in the reception zone 32 urges the coal and rock to the right into the path of the shelves 22 which bite into the edge of the mass of material. With the rotation of the drum A nut 4| on the bolt 38 may be i9 the smaller pieces are caught on the surfaces 2l and lifted upward while the larger pieces ride up on the ramps 29. The large pieces are hoisted over the shelves 22 as soon as the rotation of the drum lil has tilted the ramp surfaces 3| backward and downward and the large pieces fall a short distance to the surface 43 of the screen plate sections 2|. The smaller pieces on the other hand are carried to the top of the drum by shelves 22 and slide off the surfaces 21 to fall back onto the screen plates 2! with consequent fracture and reduction. The large pieces of rock are harder than the coal and resist the falls from the low height at which they are dumped olf the ramp surfaces 3| and are urged intact toward the discharge cone l 2 by the angle of the ramp sections 29 and the inclined shelf surfaces 2l. The scoop face 33 picks up the extraneous material which does not pass through the apertures 24 in the plate sections 2| and lifts it out of the drum through discharge opening 36.

This invention provides an apparatus for assisting in the crushing art in the separation of different material in the crushed material and reducing the wear on the crushing machines. For example, in mining coal it has become a practice to load coal by automatic loading machinery. This automatic loading machinery loads out seams of rock, binder and other foreign material with the coal. This throws a greater load on the separation of the high ash material and foreign matter from the coal. Bradford breakers are used in processing the coal both to reduce the size of the lumps of coal to predetermined sizes and also in cleaning the coal. The coal loaded by automatic loading machinery contains among other foreign material large pieces of extraneous rock. This rook is heavier than coal and also harder to break. As it is desired to separate the extraneous matter from the coal the cleaning of the coal may be effected quickest by minimizing the fracture of the rock so that large pieces of rock may be easily removed from the drum I9. The reductionrof the degree of fracture of the rock also lessens the amount of strain placed upon parts of the breaker drum In this invention the lifting of the rock is held at a minimum by the ramp sections which precede the lifting shelves. These ramp sections can be set to select out pieces of rock above a predetermined size and lift these pieces over the lifting shelf so that they will not be lifted up and -dropped from a point high in the drum. The

large pieces of coal on the other hand ywill not be continually slid over the shelves as are the large pieces of rock. The pieces of coal being softer than the rock break as they are slid off the ram sections 29 and fall over the lifting shelves 22. Consequently the coal is rapidly reduced while the rock remains intact. The ramp sections in preserving the extraneous rock in large pieces facilitate the removal of the large pieces of rock from the drum i0 `and thereby aid in the separation of the coal and the rock. Thus, the ramp sections serve to both clean and break the coal.

The ramp sections are shown extending only a third of the distance to the next adjacent preceding shelf section 22. The deflecting property of the ramp sections may be emphasized to produce a more definite screw action by extending some or all'of the ramp sections forward to the next adjacent shelf. The spacing between the ramp sections may also be adjusted to vary the size of the pieces that are passed over the shelf sections with the closer spacing passing over smaller pieces.

The angle made by the ramp surfaces 3| with the screen plate section surfaces 43 determines the point in the rotation of the drum IU that the over-size pieces are slid over the shelf sections 22. By varying the angle of the ramp surface with the screen plate surface the distance of the fall of the over-size pieces also may be with automatic loading machinery which contains rocks, binder and other foreign material indiscriminately and avoiding the excess wear that handling such material places on breaker ma- Y chinery.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention as disclosed herein and for that reason it is not intended that it should be limited other than by the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention what is claimed is:

1. In a, crushing apparatus for material containing pieces of various sizes a. combination with a rotary drum of generally circular form in section and having a peripheral screen, of inwardly projecting shelves extending longitudinally of the inner surface of said screen in position to lift pieces of said material and drop them into the bottom of the screen during the rotation of the drum, and a plurality of series of axially spaced ramp members between said shelves and alternating therewith, said ramp members being of generally triangular shape extending inward from the peripheral screen and having inner surfaces inclined to the surface of said screen to be near said screen surface at their forward ends remote from the following shelves and spaced relatively great distances from said screen surface at in which a series of surfaces with inwardly projecting shelves are positioned at an angle to the radial plane of the drum and the ramp members are inclined relative to planes normal to the axes of the drum so as to follow the direction of the progress of the material through the drum.

3. Crushing apparatus as set forth in claim l in which the ramp members are angularly adjustable in relation to planes normal to the axes of the drum independently of the shelves.

'4. Crushing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which the ramp members have extensions overlying and releasably engaging the inner edges of the shelves.

5. Crushing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which the ramp members have lug members releasably fastened to said shelves to permit angular adjustment to a position'other than perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of said shelves.

STANLEY D. HARTSHORN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 143,745 Bradford Oct. 21, 1873 770,819 Patterson Sept. 27, 1904 1,086,129 Borton et al Feb. 3, 1914 1,135,796 Hiller Apr. 13, 1915 1,169,276 Nevill Jan. 425, 1916 1,302,456 Trefz Apr. 29, 1919 1,322,568 Hiller Nov. 25, 1919 1,744,028 Borton Jan. 21, 1930 2,189,711 Eigenbrot Feb. 6. 1940 

